[大纲词汇] editorial n.社论
　　
　　全文翻译
　　
　　有传言说，有20多本关于创世纪论与进化论之争的书即将出版，有几本已经面世了。所有这些书的目的是试图告诉那些迷糊而且常常是还不开通的芸芸众生：就宇宙和生命的起源与发展问题而言，不可能存在两种都成立的科学理论。对于所发生的一切，宇宙学、地质学、生物学已经提供了一贯的、统一的并且是在不断完善的解释。而科学创世纪论-当课堂上讲授进化论时，有些人就想争抢相同的课时来解释它-是基于宗教，而非科学的。实际上，所有科学家和大多数非原教旨主义宗教领袖们都已将科学创世纪论看作是拙劣的科学和拙劣的宗教。
　　
　　金切尔这本书的前四章简单地介绍了进化论。作者在合适的地方引入了对创世纪论者的批评并提供了后者的回答。在书的后三章，他毫不客气地对创世纪论者进行了猛烈抨击。他揭露了这些人的纲领和手段，对那些不了解创世纪论者惯用手法的人来说，其欺骗和歪曲事实的程度会让他们感到气愤和吃惊。由于他们的基本动机是宗教，人们原本还期待他们会做出更具基督精神的作为。
　　
　　金切尔是位哲学家，这也许能部分说明他的立论为何明确而有说服力。非专业人士起码可以了解支持进化论的各种数据和观点。关于创世纪论者的最后一章对每个人来说都阐述得极为清楚。这部优秀作品的护封上引用了斯蒂芬·杰·古尔德的一句话，本书赌注是理性。的确如此-如果理性是创世纪论和进化论之争的惟一裁判，一切问题就已解决了。

Personality is to a large extent inherent-A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.
　　
　　One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the win at all costs moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: Rejoice, we conquer！
　　
　　By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.
　　
　　Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B's. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child's personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.
　　
　　If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A- type stock. B's are important and should be encouraged.
　　
　　63. According to the passage, A-type individuals are usually ________.
　　
　　（A）impatient　　（B）considerate　　（C）aggressive　　（D）agreeable
　　
　　64. The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because ________.
　　
　　（A）the pressure is too great on the students
　　
　　（B）some students are bound to f

 << 上一页  [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]  ... 下一页  >>