esses，and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.To hear all these large words，you would think that the mind of a man of science must be constituted differently from that of his fellow men;but if you will not be frightened by terms，you will discover that you are quite wrong，and that all these terrible apparatus are being used by yourselves every day and every hour of your lives.
There is a wellknown incident in one of Moliere’s plays，where the author makes the hero express unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose（散文）during the whole of his life.In the same way，I trust that you will take comfort，and be delighted with yourselves，on the discovery that you have been acting on the principles of inductive and deductive philosophy during the same period.（75）Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning，of the very same kind，though differing in degree，as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.
1993年英译汉试题参考译文
（71）科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式，也就是对一切现象进行思索并给以精确而严谨解释的表达方式。科学家的思维活动与普通人的思维活动之间的区别和面包商或卖肉者用普通磅秤称货的操作方法与化学家在进行艰难而复杂的分析时用天平和精密刻度的砝码的操作方法之间的区别是完全相同的，此外就没有别的区别了。（72）这并不是说面包师或卖肉者所用的磅秤和化学家所用的天平在构造原理和工作方式上存在差别，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多的装置，因而在计量上必然更准确得多。
要是我给你举几个熟悉的例子，或许你会更清楚地理解这一点。（73）你们多次听说过，科学家是用归纳法和演绎法工作的，他们用这些方法，在某种意义上说，力求从自然界找出某些自然规律，然后他们根据这些规律，用自己的某种非同一般的本领，建立起他们的理论。（74）许多人以为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。听了上面的夸张言词后，你会以为，科学家的思维结构与普通人的思维结构大不相同;但是假如你没有被这些言词所吓倒，你会发现，你是完全错了;你还会发现，所有这些令人望而生畏的说法你自己每时每刻也在使用。
在莫里哀的一个剧本中有这样一个著名的插曲:作者让主人公得知他在整个一生中一直在说散文后，表现出无限的喜悦。同样，我认为，当你一旦发现你在一生中一直在按归纳法和演绎法的哲理办事时，你也会感到欣慰和陶醉。（75）大概这里不会有人一整天都没有机会进行一连串复杂的思考活动，这些思考活动与科学家在探索自然现象原因时所经历的思考活动，尽管复杂程度不同，但在类型上是完全一样的。
5.1994年英译汉试题及参考译文
According to the new school of scientists，technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge.（71）Science moves forward，they say，not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.（72）In short，a leader of the new school contends，the scientific revolution，as we call it，was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.
（73）Over the years，tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo，Newton，Maxwell，Einstein，and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to，and derived great benefit from，craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.
The centerpiece of the argument of a technologyyes，geni
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