sudden sinking motions trigger （触发） earthquakes in the region. The fault itself, a large crack in this layer of rock, with dozens of other cracks that split off from it, extends from northeastArkansas through Missouri and into southern lllinois.
Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller quakes in the area since 1811; these smaller quakes indicate that larger ones are probably coming, but the scientists say have no method of predictingwhen a large earthquake will occur.
11. This passage is mainly about .
A）the New Madrid fault in Missouri B）the San Andreas and the New Madrid faults
C）the causes of faults D）current scientific knowledge about faults
12. The New Madrid fault is .
A） a horizontal fault
B） a vertical fault
C） a more serious fault than the San Andreas fault
D） responsible for forming the Mississippi River
13. We may conclude from the passage that .
A） it is probably as dangerous to live in Missouri as in California
B） the New Madrid fault will eventually develop a mountain range in Missouri
C） California will become an island in future
D） A big earthquake will occur to California soon
14. This passage implies that .
A） horizontal faults are more dangerous than vertical faults.
B） Vertical faults are more dangerous than horizontal faults
C） Earthquakes occur only around fault areas
D） California will break into pieces by an eventual earthquake
15. As used in the first sentence of the fourth paragraph, the word essentially means .
A） greatly C） basically B） extremely D） necessarily
Passage 4
Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as afactor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that the more weare together-the more chances there are of war. Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that.
Whenever any new invention is put forward, those for it and those against it can always find medical men to approve or condemn. The anti-railway group produced doctors who said that tunnels would be most dangerous to public health: they would produce colds, catarrhs （粘膜炎） and consumptions. The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on the nerves. Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs. In those with high blood-pressure, the movement of the train might produce apoplexy （中风）. The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause
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